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Table 4 - Phonetic Development

Details: Created: Wednesday, 09 November 2011 08:51; Updated on Sunday, 03 January 2021 14:55

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Bowen, C. (2011). Table 4: Phonetic Development. Retrieved from http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/ on [insert the date that you retrieved the file here].

In Table 4 is an account of ages by which 75% of the children in a study pronounced individual consonants accurately. These norms were established for a population of Australian children by Kilminster and Laird (1978).

In column 3, the term 'voiced' refers to the vibration of the vocal cords while the sound is being made. The term 'voiceless' is applied to sounds that are made without vocal cord vibration. The terms fricative, glide, stop, nasal, liquid and affricate refer to the way the sounds are made, or the "manner of articulation".

Table 4
Phonetic Development

Age by which 75% of children used the speech sound listed accurately.	Speech sounds	The manner in which the speech sounds are produced.
3 years	h as in he zh as in measure y as in yes w as in we ng as in sing m as in me n as in no p as in up k as in car t as in to b as in be g as in go d as in do	Voiceless fricative Voiced fricative Voiced glide Voiced glide Voiced nasal Voiced nasal Voiced nasal Voiceless stop Voiceless stop Voiceless stop Voiced stop Voiced stop Voiced stop
3 years 6 months	f as in if	Voiceless fricative
4 years	l as in lay sh as in she ch as in chew	Voiced liquid Voiceless fricative Voiceless affricate
4 years 6 months	j as in jaw s as in so z as in is	Voiced affricate Voiceless fricative Voiced fricative
5 years	r as in red	Voiced liquid
6 years	v as in Vegemite	Voiced fricative
8 years	th as in this	Voiced fricative
8 years 6 months	th as in thing	Voiceless fricative

References

Bowen, C. (1998). Developmental phonological disorders. A practical guide for families and teachers. Melbourne: ACER Press.

Grunwell, P. (1997). Natural phonology. In M. Ball & R. Kent (Eds.), The new phonologies: Developments in clinical linguistics. San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group, Inc.

Kilminster, M.G.E., & Laird, E.M. (1978) Articulation development in children aged three to nine years. Australian Journal of Human Communication Disorders, 6, 1, 23-30.

Table 4 - Phonetic Development

Table 4
Phonetic Development

References

See also

Table 1 Intelligibility

Table 2 Phonological Processes

Table 3 Elimination of Phonological Processes

Inconsistency in Child Phonology

Speech and Language Development Index

Two "Open Access" (free) articles about consonant acquisition

Table 4 - Phonetic Development

Table 4 Phonetic Development

References

See also

Table 1 Intelligibility

Table 2 Phonological Processes

Table 3 Elimination of Phonological Processes

Inconsistency in Child Phonology

Speech and Language Development Index

Two "Open Access" (free) articles about consonant acquisition

Table 4
Phonetic Development